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Sopris Phase
Sopris Phase (AD 1000-1250) is a Late Ceramic period hunter-gatherer culture of the Upper Purgatoire, also known as the Upper Purgatoire complex. It was first discovered in the southern Colorado, near the present town of Trinidad, Colorado. Sopris Phase appeared to be greatly influenced by Puebloan people, such as the Taos Pueblo and Pecos Pueblo, and through trade in the Upper Rio Grande area.〔Gunnerson, James H. Archaeology of the High Plains. Denver: United States Forest Service, 1987. p. 94-95, 135.〕〔Echo-Hawk, Roger C. (April 2000) ("Ancient History in the New World: Integrating Oral Traditions and the Archaeological Record in Deep Time." ) ''American Antinquity. 65(2):267-290. See page 15 of pdf file.〕
==Sopris sites==
Two Sopris Plains sites found at the Trinidad reservoir, Leone Bluff (Site 5LA1211) and Site ID 5LA1416, are located in Las Animas County, Colorado, near Segundo.〔Sturtevant, William C.; DeMallie, Raymond J. (2001). ''Handbook of North American Indians: Plains, Part 1'' Smithsonian Institution. p. 243. ISBN 0-16-050400-7.〕〔(''Excavations at Trinidad Reservoir.'' ) The University of New Mexico. Office of Contract Archeology. Retrieved December 3, 2011.〕 The Trinidad sites were found in 1962 when Herbert Dick of the Trinidad State Junior College led an archaeological investigation of the Trinidad Reservoir. By 1980, more archaeological studies had been completed of a total of 300 sites. Site 5LA1416 contained evidence of occupation through all three Sopris phases. The architecture may have been influenced by the Plains villagers, Panhandle and Rio Grande cultures. The pottery, though, was decidedly like that of the Puebloans of the Rio Grande area.〔Cassells, E. Steve. (1997). The Archeology of Colorado, Revised Edition. Boulder, Colorado: Johnson Books. pp. 223–224. ISBN 1-55566-193-9.〕
The Leone Bluff (Site 5LA1211) and Site ID 5LA1416 sites had evidence of four dwellings identified as Sopris Phase occupations from about A.D. 1150 to 1300. The pottery remnants were used to identify the Sopris Phase and three subsequent periods of inhabitation: post-Sopris Phase (about A.D. 1300–1450), historic Spanish-American (about A.D. 1670–1890) and historic Apache (about A.D. 1750–1900).〔Ireland, Stephen K. (October 8, 1984). ''Trinidad Reservoir Salvage Archaeology, 1967.'' DTIC Online. Retrieved December 3, 2011.〕 Skeletons were found of people of Apachean, or Athabaskan, heritage.〔
Trinchera Cave Archeological District is also a Sopris Phase site.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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